JavaScript

JavaScript
	Screenshot of JavaScript source code
Paradigm	Multi-paradigm: event-driven, functional, imperative, procedural, object-oriented programming
Designed by	Brendan Eich of Netscape initially; others have also contributed to the ECMAScript standard
First appeared	December 4, 1995; 27 years ago
Stable release	ECMAScript 2021 / June 2021; 23 months ago
Preview release	ECMAScript 2022 / 22 July 2021; 21 months ago
Typing discipline	Dynamic, weak, duck
Filename extensions	.js; .cjs; .mjs;
Website	www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-262/
Major implementations
	V8, JavaScriptCore, SpiderMonkey, Chakra
Influenced by
	Java, Scheme, Self, AWK, HyperTalk
Influenced
	ActionScript, AssemblyScript, CoffeeScript, Dart, Haxe, JS++, Opa, TypeScript
	JavaScript at Wikibooks;

JavaScript (/ˈdʒɑːvəskrɪpt/), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, often incorporating third-party libraries. All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices.

JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the ECMAScript standard.^[10] It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the Document Object Model (DOM).

The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities. In practice, the web browser or other

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