Skip to Main Content
The world's most popular open source database
Contact MySQL  | 
Login  |  Register
  • MySQL.com
  • Downloads
  • Documentation
  • Developer Zone
Developer Zone Downloads MySQL.com
Documentation
  • MySQL Server
  • MySQL Enterprise
  • Workbench
  • InnoDB Cluster
  • MySQL NDB Cluster
  • Connectors
  • More
  • MySQL.com
  • Downloads
  • Developer Zone
Section Menu:  
Documentation Home
MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual
  • Preface and Legal Notices
  • General Information
  • Installing MySQL
  • Upgrading MySQL
  • Downgrading MySQL
  • Tutorial
  • MySQL Programs
  • MySQL Server Administration
  • Security
  • Backup and Recovery
  • Optimization
  • Language Structure
  • Character Sets, Collations, Unicode
    • Character Sets and Collations in General
    • Character Sets and Collations in MySQL
      • Character Set Repertoire
      • UTF-8 for Metadata
    • Specifying Character Sets and Collations
      • Collation Naming Conventions
      • Server Character Set and Collation
      • Database Character Set and Collation
      • Table Character Set and Collation
      • Column Character Set and Collation
      • Character String Literal Character Set and Collation
      • The National Character Set
      • Character Set Introducers
      • Examples of Character Set and Collation Assignment
      • Compatibility with Other DBMSs
    • Connection Character Sets and Collations
    • Configuring Application Character Set and Collation
    • Error Message Character Set
    • Column Character Set Conversion
    • Collation Issues
      • Using COLLATE in SQL Statements
      • COLLATE Clause Precedence
      • Character Set and Collation Compatibility
      • Collation Coercibility in Expressions
      • The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations
      • Examples of the Effect of Collation
      • Using Collation in INFORMATION_SCHEMA Searches