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BIOLOGY
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YEARTITLEAUTHORACCESSION NUMBERABSTRACT
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2022Cultural characteristics of colony forming units from common fresh fruits and vegetables from a selected public market in Metro ManilaGadicho, Jezreel Vince P.443 444This descriptive study sought to identify the characteristics of the bacterial contaminants present in the fresh fruits and vegetables bought in a selected public market even after outpouring it with sterile distilled water. Furthermore, it sought to identify the colony plate morphology, cell wall constituent, and the bacterial shape and arrangements of the isolated bacteria. The researchers had cotton swabbed the outer layer of the fruits and vegetables after being outpoured by the sterile distilled water. Pre-enrichment for 24 hours before streak plating on nutrient agar was done. It was proven to have contaminants even after the outpouring of the sterile distilled water. The bacterial isolates were sub-cultured in agar slants and were subjected to re-streaking for secondary isolation. Colony forming unit (CFU) morphology - shape elevation, surface appearance, opacity, margin and color, and cell arrangement were noted. Five isolates were randomly chosen by the researcher and were subjected to gram-staining. The CFU's from apple (Malus domestica), pear (Pyrus communis), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were either irregular or circular in form. Colony elevation in the isolates was found out to be raised or flat. All the isolates gathered were with smooth surface appearance and opaque, either white or yellowish-white, the colony margin either filamentous, undulate or entire. Eight types of bacterial isolates were found: gram negative cocci, gram negative coccobacilli, gram positive and gram negative bacilli, gram positive and gram negative streptobacilli and gram negative palisades.
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2022Antibacterial properties of allium sativum extracts against bacterial colony growth from swabs of infected skin areas of Pigeons (Columba livia) in Valenzuela CityGonzales, Aileen Toh445 446The study focused on the antibacterial activity of garlic extracts against bacterial isolates from skin infections of pigeons (Columba livia). Swab samples from twenty-five (25) pigeon subjects were collected from the three selected pigeon farms in Valenzuela City. Swabs for bacteriological surveys were collected from each subject pigeon with skin lesions due to bacterial infections. The cere, nostril, and around the beak were sampled individually with packed sterile microbiological swabs. Bacterial isolates obtained from the swab samples of the infected pigeons were subjected to Gram- staining technique and biochemical test specifically catalase test. The method of Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion was conducted to estimate the susceptibility of garlic extract on tested bacterial isolates. The bacterial growth diameter of clear inhibition zones was observed and accurately measured. The size of growth inhibition zones indicates the effectiveness of the garlic extracts in controlling the bacterial infection. This study aims to provide up-to-date actions of garlic (Allium sativum) on bacterial infections of pigeons as part of ongoing efforts to examine natural materials for possible alternative treatments for antibiotics.The data were organized and tabulated. One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used to distinguish the differences of the zones of inhibition (mm) with garlic extract as the concentration changes and commercially antibacterial Premoxil for pigeons to identify the inhibitory effect on the isolates collected from the three selected pigeon farms. The Tukey HSD Test or honest significant difference test was also used as a statistical tool to determine if the relationship between two sets of data is statistically significant. Results showed that the garlic extracts have prospective antimicrobial against pathogenic bacterial isolates, and were found to have statistically significant difference between the concentration of garlic extracts and the Premoxil with P value= 0.0000000511. One hundred percent (100%) concentration of pure garlic extract exhibited the highest inhibited zone among the other concentration of garlic extracts. The antimicrobial activity of garlic extract in 100% concentration in triplicates against bacterial isolates showed an average of 26mm then, (75%) of garlic extract revealed 20.89mm, to be followed by 50% garlic extract concentration that showed 14mm. Data exhibit the importance of plant extracts in the treatment of resistant bacteria, which are becoming a threat to human and animal's health. It also emphasized that pigeon breeders must be informed that multidrug resistance leads to higher morbidity, mortality, and increased treatment costs. There are other factors to avoid skin infections of pigeons; considering the results, this study emphasizes the need for environmental disinfection and cleanliness for the pigeon farms, as well as proper ventilation and clean water irrigation system. An enhanced understanding of the skin microbiome is necessary to gain insight into microbial involvement in pigeons' skin disorders and to enable antimicrobial therapeutic approaches and consider novel alternatives to antibiotics and for their treatment.