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In the last couple of years, we have experienced a shift in the way people work and study. We can see this movement on the job market - many offers related to IT are tagged 100% remote, allowing people to work with peers from all around the world. This is why such applications as Slack, Microsoft Teams, or Discord increased in popularity and are used by many people on a daily basis. Today we will focus on Discord - a means of communication that rose from a gaming tool to a platform that is used by professionals, educators, and communities.
The more co-workers use your tool, the bigger responsibility you have to keep everything in line. You can either hire more and more moderators... or you could use the tech knowledge your developer team has to create bots that will do the dirty work for you. In this blog post, I will go through the necessary knowledge to create and run a Discord bot that will communicate with external APIs to provide information on demand.
After reading through this tutorial, you will learn a few tactics useful for having more effective online communications in Discord:
- How to create a Discord bot,
- How to access information about the server,
- How to contact external services using commands,
- How to create Embeds.
Requirements
To get the most out of this tutorial, I encourage you to complete the following steps:
- Python 3.10 (you can use a lower version, if you want to skip match-case),
- Create a Discord account,
- Create a test server,
- Get ready for a coding adventure!
Want to know how to use the handler-provider method on the backend? Read our article about feature handlers!
Understanding the connection
Before we start coding, let's take a minute to understand how the communication works between your team server, Discord, your bot, and any other services you want to use.
Everything starts with your team server - this is how people interact with each other and artificial entities like bots. Each interaction can trigger the bot to do something - it can be done by special commands or an event sent by the server. Sample events can include:
- Sending a message by a user,
- New member joining the server,
- Creating a new channel,
- and many... many more!
If a bot is connected to your team server, it will try to handle events that are of interest to it.
Each bot needs to have a running Discord Client instance. This is how the bot contacts Discord servers and APIs to answer the team server requests.
It is worth mentioning that a single bot can be connected to multiple servers. You can select, if you want that feature in the Discord bots’ settings (more about that later on).
Once the bot processes information sent by the team server, it can contact multiple external services for example:
- Your application Rest API,
- Machine Learning algorithms,
- Your company ERP system,
- and anything else that comes to mind!
Lastly, the information can be sent by the bot to the Discord API, so that the users are notified back on the event progress.
Want to learn how to build a REST API with microservices, dig into this piece about using FastAPI for microservices in Python!
Getting started
We will start by creating a Discord Application. This step is needed to enable Discord to verify your bot with the servers through a token you will acquire in the process. As a bonus, you will get a chance to customize your bot's appearance.
Go to your Discord Developer dashboard and click New Application.
Creating a new Discord application
Congratulations! You created your first Discord Application 🥳. You will be welcomed by a screen that will allow you some customization. You can play around with the settings, but it isn't required for this tutorial.
In the menu section, you should see a button named Bot, please navigate to that section, once there, press Add Bot and agree to the prompt.
Turn on the following privileged gateway intents and click Save:
- Presence intent,
- Server members intent,
- Message content intent.
Now that you created the bot, please go to the OAuth2 section and select URL Generator:
- Set the bot scope,
- Set the Administrator permission.
- Copy the Generated URL.
Setting the bot scope and Administrator permissions in Discord
Follow the copied url in a browser and add the bot to your server. We are ready to build our own piece of software now!
And then there was code…
In this section, we will go through the steps of installing dependencies, configuring the project and writing the actual code. Please start your IDE of choice and create a new project.
Installing dependencies
We will need the following packages to create our Discord bot:
- discord.py - the main package needed to communicate with Discord,
- requests - this will allow us to contact the sample API,
- dotenv - to load environment variables from a file.
First, create a new virtual environment to be used in this tutorial (if you don't know what virtual environments are, be sure to check out Python documentation for creating virtual environments):
python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
Now we are ready to install the dependencies:
pip install discord.py
pip install requests
pip install python-dotenv
Project settings
We will start by creating an .env file (notice the "dot" at the start) in our project directory. We will make use of the token you copied from the Discord Developers site and the name of the server you created in the requirements for this tutorial.
DISCORD_TOKEN = your_token_goes_here
DISCORD_GUILD = your_server_name
Looks good! We are ready for the next step.
Connecting the Discord client
Create a main.py file in the project directory and add the necessary imports that we will be using in this tutorial at the top:
import os
from typing import Any
import discord
import requests
from dotenv import load_dotenv
Now, we will read the environment variables we added in the configuration file:
load_dotenv()
DISCORD_TOKEN = os.getenv("DISCORD_TOKEN")