
René Muschter
Research Expert covering Industry & Mobility
Strategic minerals generally refer to mineral commodities that are important for economic, military, or technological development, but whose reserves are concentrated in a handful of countries. Although often used interchangeably with the term “critical minerals”, the definitions of each depend on the country listing them. In Germany, the Deutsche Rohstoffagentur (DERA, or the German Raw Materials Agency in English) has defined the minerals cobalt, lithium, tantalum, and tungsten as strategic raw materials because of their use in key sectors such as the automotive and consumer electronics industries. The U.S. Geological Survey classifies about 60 minerals as "critical minerals", including aluminum, copper, and nickel.

Detailed statistics
Global cobalt reserves 2025, by country

Detailed statistics
World lithium reserves 2025, by country

Detailed statistics
Global tungsten reserves 2025, by country

Global critical minerals production share 2025, by main producing country
Production share of critical minerals worldwide as of 2025, by majority producing country

Global critical mineral mine production volume 2022, by leading owner country
Critical mineral mine production volume worldwide in 2022, by leading corporate owner country (in million metric tons)

Global share of critical mineral production in politically unstable countries 2024
Share of critical minerals produced in politically unstable countries worldwide in 2024, by mineral

End of life recycling rate of critical minerals globally, by energy technology
End of life recycling rate of selected critical minerals worldwide, by energy technology (in percent)

Critical minerals global demand share for clean energy 2025-2040, by mineral
Demand share of key critical minerals for clean energy under STEPS scenario worldwide in 2025, with a forecast for 2030 and 2040

Rare earths total global reserves 2010-2025
Reserves of rare earths worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in million metric tons)

Quarterly critical minerals manufacturing investment in the United States 2022-2025
Investment in critical minerals manufacturing in the United States from 1st quarter 2022 to 3rd quarter 2025 (in 2024 billion U.S. dollars)

Global cobalt reserves 2010-2025
Reserves of cobalt worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in million metric tons)

Global cobalt reserves 2025, by country
Leading countries based on reserves of cobalt worldwide in 2025 (in metric tons)

Global lithium reserves 2010-2025
Reserves of lithium worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in million metric tons)

World lithium reserves 2025, by country
Reserves of lithium worldwide as of 2025, by country (in metric tons)

Share of global lithium reserves 2025, by country
Distribution of lithium reserves worldwide in 2025, by country

Global tantalum reserves 2010-2025
Reserves of tantalum worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in 1,000 metric tons)

Global tantalum reserves 2025, by country
Leading countries based on reserves of tantalum worldwide in 2025 (in metric tons)

Global tungsten reserves 2010-2025
Reserves of tungsten worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in 1,000 metric tons)

Global tungsten reserves 2025, by country
Leading countries based on reserves of tungsten worldwide in 2025 (in metric tons)

Global nickel reserves 2000-2025
Reserves of nickel worldwide from 2000 to 2025 (in million metric tons)

Global nickel reserves 2025, by country
Leading countries based on nickel reserves worldwide as of 2025 (in million metric tons)

Global copper reserves 2010-2025
Reserves of copper worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in million metric tons)

Global copper reserves 2025, by country
Leading countries based on copper reserves worldwide in 2025 (in million metric tons)

Rare earth reserves worldwide 2025, by country
Reserves of rare earths worldwide as of 2025, by country (in 1,000 metric tons REO)

Rare earths distribution of global reserves 2025, by country
Distribution of rare earth oxide reserves worldwide in 2025, by country

Global cobalt mine production 2010-2025
Mine production of cobalt worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in metric tons)

Global cobalt mine production 2025, by leading country
Leading countries based on cobalt mine production worldwide in 2025 (in metric tons)

Share of global cobalt production 2025, by country
Distribution of cobalt production worldwide in 2025, by country

Global lithium mine production 2010-2025
Mine production of lithium worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in metric tons of lithium content)

Leading lithium producing countries worldwide 2025
Major countries in worldwide lithium mine production in 2025 (in metric tons)

Tantal mine production worldwide 2025
Tantal mine production worldwide from 2014 to 2025 (in tonnes)

Global tantalum mine production 2025, by country
Leading countries based on the mine production of tantalum worldwide in 2025 (in metric tons)

Global tungsten production 2010-2025
Mine production of tungsten worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in metric tons)

Global tungsten production volume 2025, by country
Production of tungsten worldwide in 2025, by country (in metric tons)

Global nickel production volume from mines 2010-2025
Mine production of nickel worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in 1,000 metric tons)

Global nickel mine production 2025, by country
Leading countries in nickel mine production in 2025 (in metric tons)

Copper mine production worldwide 2010-2025
Mine production of copper worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in million metric tons)

Copper production in leading countries 2025
Major countries in copper mine production worldwide in 2025 (in 1,000 metric tons)

Global rare earths mine production volume 2010-2025
Mine production of rare earth elements worldwide from 2010 to 2025 (in 1,000 metric tons REO)

Global rare earth mine production 2025, by leading country
Mine production of rare earths worldwide in 2025, by leading country (in metric tons REO)

Rare earth element supply from refining 2024-2040, by country
Rare earth element supply from refining in 2024, with a forecast for 2030 and 2040, by country (in kilotons)

Supply of refined nickel worldwide 2024-2040, by region
Nickel supply from refining worldwide in 2024, with a forecast for 2030 and 2040, by region (in kilotons)

Copper supply from refining 2024-2040, by region
Copper supply from refining in 2024, with a forecast for 2030 and 2040, by region (in kilotons)

Supply of cobalt from refining 2024-2040, by country
Global cobalt supply from refining in 2024, with a forecast for 2030 and 2040, by region (in kilotons)

Rare earth elements demand worldwide 2025, by use case
Global demand for rare earth elements (REE) in 2025, by use case (in kilotons)

Cobalt demand worldwide 2025, by use case
Global demand for cobalt in 2025, by use case (in kilotons)

Lithium demand for clean energy purposes worldwide 2025, by use case
Global demand of lithium for the clean energy sector in 2025, by use case (in kilotons)

Copper demand for clean energy globally 2025, by use case
Global copper demand for the clean energy sector in 2025, by use case (in kilotons)

Graphite demand worldwide 2025, by use case
Demand for graphite worldwide in 2025, by use case (in 1,000 metric tons)

Nickel demand worldwide 2025, by use case
Global demand for nickel in 2025, by use case (in kilotons)

Exports of critical minerals worldwide, 2005-2023, by region
Value of global exports of raw and semi-processed critical minerals from 2005 to 2023, by region (in billion U.S. dollars)

Imports of critical minerals worldwide, by region 2005-2023
Value of global imports of raw and semi-processed critical minerals from 2005 to 2023, by region (in billion U.S. dollars)

Net trade balance of critical minerals worldwide 2023, by region
Net balance of trade of global critical minerals in 2023, by region (in billion U.S. dollars)

Exports of selected critical minerals from Africa 2019-2023
Value of exports of the top 10 globally exported minerals for energy and digital transitions from Africa in 2019 and 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Exports of selected critical minerals from the Americas 2019-2023
Value of exports of the top 10 globally exported minerals for energy and digital transitions from the Americas in 2019 and 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Exports of selected critical minerals from Asia 2019-2023
Value of exports of the top 10 globally exported minerals for energy and digital transitions from Asia in 2019 and 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Exports of selected critical minerals from Europe 2019-2023
Value of exports of the top 10 globally exported minerals for energy and digital transitions from Europe in 2019 and 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Exports of selected critical minerals from Oceania 2019-2023
Value of exports of the top 10 globally exported minerals for energy and digital transitions from Oceania in 2019 and 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Number of export restrictions for critical minerals in selected countries 2019-2023
Average number of export restrictions for critical minerals required for energy transition between 2019 and 2023, by selected countries

Ranking of the largest critical minerals exporters worldwide 2023
Top 20 exporters of critical minerals in the world based on export value in 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Main bilateral trade corridors for critical minerals in 2023, by export value
Export value of selected key bilateral trade corridors for critical minerals in 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Strategic minerals: impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on costs until 2025
Impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on the price of certain strategic minerals (platinum, nickel, copper, aluminum, and zinc) until 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)

Cobalt average spot price in the U.S. 2010-2025
Average cobalt spot price in the United States from 2010 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per pound)

Lithium carbonate price 2010-2025
Average lithium carbonate price from 2010 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)

Tantalum price 2012-2025
Price of tantalum from 2012 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per kilogram)

Global tungsten price 2018-2025
Price of tungsten worldwide from 2018 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)

Average annual market price of copper 2010-2025
Average annual market price of copper from 2010 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)

Nickel prices 1980-2027
Average nickel prices from 1980 to 2025 with forecasts to 2027 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)

Estimated global market value of selected critical materials 2027-2030
Forecast market value of selected critical materials worldwide from 2027 to 2030 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Global critical minerals production capacity share risk due to heat & drought 2050
Forecast share of production capacity of lithium, cobalt, and copper at risk due to heat and drought worldwide in 2050

Raw material demand in Europe 2050, by scenario
Demand of critical raw materials in Europe in 2050, by scenario (in million metric tons)

Global rare earth element demand for cleantech worldwide 2021-2040
Demand for rare earth element for making clean technologies worldwide in 2021 and 2023, with an outlook for 2030 and 2040 (in thousand metric tons)

Global trade value forecast of select mineral commodities 2019-2030, by type
Trade value of mineral commodities worldwide in 2019 with a forecast for 2025 and 2030, by type (in billion U.S. dollars)

Global estimated demand for energy transition relevant metals 2030-2050
Forecast demand for energy transition relevant metals worldwide in 2030 and 2050, by metal (in metric tons)

Forecast main management priorities for mining industry worldwide 2025
Forecast main management priorities for the mining industry worldwide in 2025 (in percent)

Forecasted most likely M&A deals for mining industry worldwide 2025
Forecasted most likely M&A deals in the mining and metals industry worldwide in 2025 (in percent)

Strategic critical mineral policies by country 2026
Number of strategic policies regarding critical minerals in selected countries in 2026
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